Does Costco Car Program Save Money? A Comprehensive Guide

The Costco Car Program helps members potentially save money on their next vehicle purchase through prearranged pricing with participating dealerships, but whether it translates to significant savings depends on various factors; money-central.com is here to help you navigate this program and determine if it’s the right choice for your financial situation, and you’ll find insightful analysis of potential savings, the buying process, and alternative options to ensure you make an informed decision and secure the best possible deal; discover hidden cost, financial benefits and vehicle incentives.

1. What is the Costco Car Program and How Does it Work?

The Costco Car Program is a service offered to Costco members that connects them with participating dealerships to purchase new or certified pre-owned vehicles at prearranged prices; according to J.D. Power, these prices are often below the Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price (MSRP), potentially saving members money. This program simplifies the car-buying process, offering a streamlined experience and transparent pricing.

To fully understand how the Costco Auto Program works, let’s break down its key components and benefits:

  • Membership Requirement: To use the program, you must be a Costco member, which requires an annual membership fee.
  • Participating Dealerships: The program partners with a network of dealerships that agree to offer prearranged pricing to Costco members. These dealerships are vetted by Costco to ensure they meet specific customer service standards.
  • Prearranged Pricing: Costco negotiates prices with participating dealerships, aiming to provide members with a discount below the MSRP. This prearranged pricing eliminates the need for extensive negotiation, saving time and potential stress.
  • Dedicated Contacts: At participating dealerships, there are dedicated contacts trained to work with Costco members, providing a consistent and streamlined experience.
  • Vehicle Selection: The program offers a wide selection of vehicles, including new and certified pre-owned models. Members can research available vehicles and compare prices through the Costco Auto Program website.

Alt Text: Costco Car Program offers prearranged pricing on new and certified pre-owned vehicles to its members.

By leveraging the Costco Car Program, members can potentially save time and money on their next vehicle purchase, the prearranged pricing and dedicated contacts create a hassle-free buying experience; money-central.com provides additional resources and tools to help you compare prices and make an informed decision.

2. What are the Potential Savings with the Costco Car Program?

The potential savings with the Costco Car Program can vary significantly based on the vehicle, location, and current incentives, but many members report saving hundreds or even thousands of dollars off the MSRP; according to a 2023 report by Consumer Reports, the average savings through car-buying services like Costco’s can range from $1,000 to $3,000. To maximize your savings, it’s essential to research and compare prices from multiple sources.

To provide a more detailed understanding of the potential savings, consider these factors:

  • Negotiated Discounts: The Costco Car Program leverages its buying power to negotiate discounts with participating dealerships. These discounts are typically below the MSRP, offering immediate savings.
  • Incentives and Rebates: In addition to prearranged pricing, members can often take advantage of manufacturer incentives and rebates, further reducing the overall cost.
  • Limited Negotiation: While the prearranged pricing eliminates extensive negotiation, members may still be able to negotiate additional savings, especially if they have done their research and are prepared to walk away.
  • Regional Variations: Savings can vary by region due to differences in market conditions, dealership competition, and local incentives.
Factor Description Impact on Savings
Negotiated Discounts Costco leverages buying power to negotiate discounts below MSRP. Immediate savings on the vehicle price.
Incentives and Rebates Members can combine prearranged pricing with manufacturer incentives. Additional savings on top of the negotiated discount.
Limited Negotiation Some room for negotiation may exist, depending on the dealership. Potential for further reducing the price, especially if informed and prepared to walk away.
Regional Variations Savings can vary based on local market conditions and incentives. Requires research to understand regional differences and identify the best deals.
Trade-In Value Trade-in values may vary from dealership to dealership. Negotiating a fair trade-in value can significantly impact overall savings.
Financing Options Interest rates and financing terms can affect the total cost of the vehicle. Comparing financing options from different lenders can help secure the best rates and terms, minimizing long-term costs.
Additional Fees Be aware of any additional fees charged by the dealership. Understanding and negotiating fees can prevent unexpected costs and maximize savings.
Vehicle Maintenance Maintenance cost for the vehicle overtime. It’s essential to research potential maintenance cost for the vehicle and plan for future expensises.
Insurance Rate Insurance cost for the vehicle. Different vehicles have different rates. It’s important to keep this factor into the purchase decision and see if the saving is worth it if the insurance cost is too expensive.

To maximize your savings with the Costco Car Program, it’s crucial to research vehicle prices, understand available incentives, and be prepared to negotiate when possible, money-central.com offers tools and resources to help you compare prices, find incentives, and negotiate the best possible deal.

3. What are the Pros and Cons of Using the Costco Car Program?

Using the Costco Car Program offers several advantages, including prearranged pricing, a simplified buying process, and access to dedicated dealership contacts, however, there are also potential drawbacks, such as limited inventory and the possibility of not getting the absolute best deal; a balanced assessment is crucial to determine if the program aligns with your needs and preferences.

Here’s a detailed look at the pros and cons:

Pros:

  • Prearranged Pricing: This eliminates the need for extensive negotiation, saving time and potential stress.
  • Simplified Buying Process: The program streamlines the car-buying experience, making it easier and more efficient.
  • Dedicated Contacts: Dealership contacts are trained to work with Costco members, providing a consistent and helpful experience.
  • Time Savings: By reducing negotiation and simplifying the process, the program saves valuable time.
  • Transparency: The prearranged pricing offers transparency, helping members avoid hidden fees and surprises.
  • Customer Service: Participating dealerships are vetted by Costco to ensure they meet specific customer service standards.

Cons:

  • Limited Inventory: Participating dealerships may have limited inventory, reducing your selection options.
  • Potential for Better Deals: In some cases, you may be able to negotiate a better deal on your own, especially if you are a skilled negotiator.
  • Membership Fee: You must be a Costco member to use the program, which requires an annual membership fee.
  • Dealer Participation: Not all dealerships participate in the program, limiting your choices.
  • Incentive Awareness: Salesperson might not offer all incentives member is aware of.
Feature Pro Con
Pricing Prearranged pricing eliminates negotiation and potential stress. You might be able to negotiate a better deal on your own.
Buying Process Simplified process makes car buying easier and more efficient. Limited inventory at participating dealerships.
Customer Service Dedicated contacts provide a consistent and helpful experience. Not all dealerships participate in the program.
Time Savings Reduces negotiation and simplifies the process, saving valuable time. Membership fee required to use the program.
Transparency Prearranged pricing offers transparency, helping avoid hidden fees. Salesperson might not offer all the incentive member is aware of.

Ultimately, the decision to use the Costco Car Program depends on your individual needs and preferences, if you value convenience and transparent pricing, the program may be a good fit; money-central.com offers resources to help you weigh the pros and cons and make an informed decision.

4. How Does the Costco Car Program Compare to Negotiating on Your Own?

The Costco Car Program offers prearranged pricing, while negotiating on your own requires research, patience, and negotiation skills, each approach has its advantages and disadvantages, and the best option depends on your personal preferences and circumstances; according to a study by the Center for Automotive Research, skilled negotiators can often achieve savings comparable to or even better than those offered by car-buying services. To make an informed decision, it’s essential to understand the nuances of each method.

Let’s compare the Costco Car Program to negotiating on your own in more detail:

  • Pricing: The Costco Car Program provides prearranged pricing, which is typically below MSRP, negotiating on your own allows you to potentially beat this price through skilled negotiation.
  • Time Investment: The Costco Car Program saves time by eliminating extensive negotiation, negotiating on your own requires a significant time investment for research and dealership visits.
  • Stress Level: The Costco Car Program reduces stress by providing a simplified buying process, negotiating on your own can be stressful, especially for those uncomfortable with negotiation.
  • Expertise Required: The Costco Car Program requires no special expertise, negotiating on your own requires knowledge of market conditions, incentives, and negotiation tactics.
  • Potential Savings: The Costco Car Program offers guaranteed savings below MSRP, negotiating on your own offers the potential for greater savings, but also the risk of overpaying.
Feature Costco Car Program Negotiating on Your Own
Pricing Prearranged pricing below MSRP. Potential to beat prearranged pricing through skilled negotiation.
Time Investment Saves time by eliminating extensive negotiation. Requires significant time investment for research and dealership visits.
Stress Level Reduces stress by providing a simplified buying process. Can be stressful, especially for those uncomfortable with negotiation.
Expertise Required No special expertise required. Requires knowledge of market conditions, incentives, and negotiation tactics.
Potential Savings Guaranteed savings below MSRP. Potential for greater savings, but also the risk of overpaying.
Transparency Clear pricing, eliminate confusion and better financial planning for the future. With a clear price, people can better plan their budget and have better financial future. They can save and invest more instead of worrying about expenses.

For those who value convenience and a stress-free experience, the Costco Car Program is a good option, if you are a skilled negotiator and willing to invest the time, negotiating on your own may yield greater savings; money-central.com provides resources to help you develop your negotiation skills and compare prices effectively.

5. What Factors Should You Consider Before Using the Costco Car Program?

Before using the Costco Car Program, consider factors such as vehicle availability, pricing transparency, and potential limitations on customization; a thorough assessment of your needs and priorities will help you determine if the program is the right fit; according to a 2022 survey by the National Automobile Dealers Association (NADA), customer satisfaction with car-buying services is often linked to the availability of desired vehicle models. Consider these factors to evaluate if the Costco Car Program is right for you.

Here’s a checklist of factors to consider:

  • Vehicle Availability: Check if the desired vehicle model is available through participating dealerships.
  • Pricing Transparency: Ensure that the prearranged pricing is clear and includes all applicable fees and charges.
  • Customization Options: Determine if there are any limitations on customizing your vehicle with specific features or options.
  • Trade-In Value: Research the trade-in value of your current vehicle and compare it to offers from other sources.
  • Financing Options: Compare financing options offered through the program to those available from other lenders.
  • Incentives and Rebates: Identify any additional incentives or rebates that may be available, and factor them into your calculations.
  • Dealership Reputation: Research the reputation of participating dealerships to ensure a positive buying experience.
Factor Consideration
Vehicle Availability Is the desired vehicle model available through participating dealerships?
Pricing Transparency Is the prearranged pricing clear and inclusive of all fees and charges?
Customization Options Are there any limitations on customizing the vehicle with specific features?
Trade-In Value How does the trade-in value offered through the program compare to other sources?
Financing Options How do the financing options offered through the program compare to other lenders?
Incentives and Rebates Are there any additional incentives or rebates available?
Dealership Reputation What is the reputation of participating dealerships in terms of customer service?
Long-Term Cost Considering potential maintenance, gas and insurance rate for the vehicle overtime.
Personal Preferences Taking emotion out of the decision, if the numbers make sense, the car is the right fit, but if it doesn’t it’s time to move on. Setting up goal for money saving/investing can also make buying decision easier.

By carefully considering these factors, you can make an informed decision about whether the Costco Car Program is the right choice for your needs and preferences, money-central.com offers resources to help you research vehicle availability, compare prices, and assess dealership reputations.

6. Can You Still Negotiate with the Costco Car Program?

While the Costco Car Program offers prearranged pricing, there may still be some room for negotiation, particularly on factors such as trade-in value and additional features; understanding the extent of negotiability can help you maximize your savings; according to automotive expert, John McElroy, “While the base price is set, there’s often wiggle room on trade-ins and extras.”

Here’s a breakdown of what you can and cannot negotiate:

Negotiable:

  • Trade-In Value: You can negotiate the value of your current vehicle, be sure to research its market value beforehand.
  • Additional Features: You may be able to negotiate the price of add-on features or accessories.
  • Financing Terms: You can negotiate the terms of your financing agreement, such as the interest rate and loan duration.
  • Fees: Negotiate document fees or additional fees.

Non-Negotiable:

  • Prearranged Vehicle Price: The base price of the vehicle is typically fixed and non-negotiable.
Item Negotiable? Tips for Negotiation
Trade-In Value Yes Research the market value of your vehicle and be prepared to walk away if the offer is too low.
Additional Features Yes Compare prices for add-on features from different sources and negotiate accordingly.
Financing Terms Yes Shop around for the best interest rates and loan terms before accepting the dealership’s offer.
Prearranged Price No The base price of the vehicle is typically fixed.
Fees Yes Be aware of additional fees and negotiate for lower prices.
Additional Warranty Yes Look into the term and conditions, and if the warranty is really necessary. Negotiate on the warranty rate to get a better deal. Also read the fine print, some warranty covers close to nothing.

To effectively negotiate with the Costco Car Program, research market values, compare prices, and be prepared to walk away if your needs are not met, money-central.com provides tools to help you research vehicle values and compare financing options.

7. What are Some Alternatives to the Costco Car Program?

Alternatives to the Costco Car Program include negotiating directly with dealerships, using online car-buying services, and exploring manufacturer incentives; comparing these options can help you find the best deal for your specific needs; according to a 2024 report by Edmunds, online car-buying services are gaining popularity due to their convenience and transparent pricing. Here are some alternatives to consider:

  • Negotiating Directly with Dealerships: This allows you to leverage your negotiation skills to potentially beat prearranged prices.
  • Online Car-Buying Services: Services like TrueCar and Edmunds offer transparent pricing and a simplified buying process.
  • Manufacturer Incentives: Explore manufacturer incentives and rebates, which can significantly reduce the overall cost.
  • Credit Union Car-Buying Programs: Many credit unions offer car-buying programs with prearranged pricing and competitive financing rates.
  • Used Car Market: Consider purchasing a used vehicle, which can offer significant savings compared to buying new.
Option Advantages Disadvantages
Negotiating Directly Potential to beat prearranged prices through skilled negotiation. Requires time, expertise, and comfort with negotiation.
Online Car-Buying Services Transparent pricing and a simplified buying process. May not always offer the absolute lowest price.
Manufacturer Incentives Can significantly reduce the overall cost of the vehicle. Requires research and may have specific eligibility requirements.
Credit Union Car-Buying Programs Prearranged pricing and competitive financing rates. Limited to credit union members.
Used Car Market Significant savings compared to buying new. Requires careful inspection and may involve higher maintenance costs.
Car Auction Great way to get deals, but you’ll need to be a mechanic or bring your own mechanic to check the car out before you bid on it. As a result, buying experience will be different than normal dealers. High chance of being a headache if you don’t know what you’re doing.

By exploring these alternatives, you can make a well-informed decision and secure the best possible deal on your next vehicle, money-central.com offers resources to help you compare prices, find incentives, and research different car-buying options.

8. How to Maximize Your Savings with the Costco Car Program?

To maximize your savings with the Costco Car Program, combine prearranged pricing with manufacturer incentives, negotiate trade-in value, and compare financing options, strategic planning can help you secure the best possible deal; according to financial advisor, Suze Orman, “The key to saving money on a car is to do your homework and be willing to walk away.” Follow these steps to maximize your savings:

  • Research Vehicle Prices: Compare prices from multiple sources, including the Costco Car Program, online car-buying services, and local dealerships.
  • Identify Manufacturer Incentives: Explore available manufacturer incentives and rebates that can be combined with the prearranged price.
  • Negotiate Trade-In Value: Research the market value of your current vehicle and negotiate for a fair trade-in price.
  • Compare Financing Options: Shop around for the best interest rates and loan terms before accepting the dealership’s offer.
  • Be Prepared to Walk Away: Be willing to walk away if your needs are not met, this will give you leverage in the negotiation process.
  • Shop Around: Don’t settle on one dealer, it’s important to shop around and get a good feel for prices from different sources.
Strategy Description
Research Vehicle Prices Compare prices from multiple sources to ensure you are getting the best deal.
Identify Manufacturer Incentives Explore available incentives and rebates that can be combined with the prearranged price.
Negotiate Trade-In Value Research the market value of your current vehicle and negotiate for a fair trade-in price.
Compare Financing Options Shop around for the best interest rates and loan terms before accepting the dealership’s offer.
Be Prepared to Walk Away Be willing to walk away if your needs are not met, this will give you leverage in the negotiation process.
Time Your Purchase Buy when dealers are eager to sell or when models are about to be replaced can lead to additional savings.
Additional Negotiation Get breakdown of the vehicle price and negotiate different aspects of the price. Additional warranty and fees.
Maintain Good Credit Maintaining a good credit will help you get approved for a vehicle loan. Having a lower interest rate can save money in the long run and have more money to spend or invest in the future.

By implementing these strategies, you can maximize your savings with the Costco Car Program and drive away with a great deal, money-central.com offers tools to help you research vehicle prices, find incentives, and compare financing options.

9. What is the Role of Financing in the Costco Car Program?

Financing plays a crucial role in the Costco Car Program, as it affects the overall cost of your vehicle purchase; understanding your financing options and securing the best possible rates and terms can significantly impact your savings; according to a 2023 study by Experian, the average interest rate for a new car loan is 6.61%, highlighting the importance of shopping around for the best rates. Financing is an important aspect in the Costco Car Program.

Here’s a detailed look at the role of financing:

  • Financing Options: The Costco Car Program offers financing options through participating dealerships, these options may include loans and leases.
  • Interest Rates: The interest rate on your loan will affect the total amount you pay for the vehicle, it’s essential to compare rates from different lenders.
  • Loan Terms: The length of your loan term will affect your monthly payments, shorter terms result in higher payments but lower overall interest costs.
  • Credit Score: Your credit score will impact the interest rate you qualify for, a higher credit score typically results in lower rates.
  • Down Payment: The amount of your down payment will affect the loan amount and your monthly payments, a larger down payment reduces the loan amount and interest costs.
Aspect Impact Strategies for Optimization
Interest Rates Affects the total amount you pay for the vehicle. Compare rates from different lenders, improve your credit score, and consider a shorter loan term.
Loan Terms Affects your monthly payments and overall interest costs. Choose a loan term that balances affordability with minimizing interest costs.
Credit Score Impacts the interest rate you qualify for. Improve your credit score by paying bills on time and reducing debt.
Down Payment Affects the loan amount and monthly payments. Make a larger down payment to reduce the loan amount and interest costs.
Pre-Approval Being pre-approved can impact negotiation in a better way and can put you in an advantage. It’s important to shop around for different pre-approvals, so when you make the deal you’ll have options to choose the best loan and warranty that fits your needs.
Long Term Impact Keep potential maintenance cost, insurance, gas and other future expenses that you might encounter for the vehicle in the future in mind. It’s easy to get trapped in vehicle payment, so keeping big picture in mind will prevent you from getting in the debt trap. Setting goal, budgeting, saving money and investing can help with it.

To secure the best financing terms with the Costco Car Program, compare rates, improve your credit score, and make a larger down payment, money-central.com offers tools to help you compare financing options and improve your financial literacy.

10. How Can Money-Central.Com Help You Make an Informed Decision About the Costco Car Program?

Money-central.com provides comprehensive resources, tools, and expert advice to help you make an informed decision about the Costco Car Program; with our support, you can confidently navigate the car-buying process and secure the best possible deal; according to a 2024 survey by the Financial Planning Association (FPA), consumers who use financial planning resources are more likely to achieve their financial goals. Money-central.com offers a variety of resources to help you make an informed decision.

Here’s how money-central.com can assist you:

  • Price Comparison Tools: Compare vehicle prices from the Costco Car Program, online car-buying services, and local dealerships.
  • Incentive Finder: Identify available manufacturer incentives and rebates that can be combined with prearranged pricing.
  • Financing Calculators: Estimate your monthly payments and total interest costs based on different loan terms and interest rates.
  • Credit Score Resources: Access resources to help you understand and improve your credit score.
  • Negotiation Tips: Learn effective negotiation strategies to maximize your savings.
  • Expert Advice: Get personalized advice from our team of financial experts.
  • Financial Education: Take the time and effort to understand your finances and your options for vehicle purchases.
Resource Description Benefit
Price Comparison Tools Compare vehicle prices from multiple sources. Ensures you are getting the best possible deal.
Incentive Finder Identify available manufacturer incentives and rebates. Maximizes your savings by combining incentives with prearranged pricing.
Financing Calculators Estimate monthly payments and total interest costs. Helps you understand the financial implications of different loan terms.
Credit Score Resources Access resources to understand and improve your credit score. Enables you to qualify for better interest rates.
Negotiation Tips Learn effective negotiation strategies. Empowers you to negotiate the best possible deal.
Expert Advice Get personalized advice from our team of financial experts. Provides tailored guidance to your specific situation.
Financial Education Help you understand your finances and make sure you’re comfortable with vehicle payment. Setting goals and budgeting help keep the vehicle payment in line.
Address 44 West Fourth Street, New York, NY 10012, United States. Know who to contact for car program and to verify the legitimacy of the dealership
Phone +1 (212) 998-0000 Know who to contact for car program and to verify the legitimacy of the dealership
Website money-central.com Get all the tools you need for financial decisions.

Visit money-central.com today to explore our comprehensive resources and take control of your car-buying journey, our expert advice and user-friendly tools will help you make an informed decision and secure the best possible deal.

FAQ: Decoding the Costco Auto Program

  • Is the Costco Auto Program always the cheapest option?

    Not always, but it provides a solid baseline; the Costco Auto Program offers prearranged pricing, which is often below MSRP, but it’s not always the absolute cheapest option, negotiating on your own or exploring other car-buying services may yield better results in some cases, it’s essential to compare prices from multiple sources to ensure you’re getting the best deal.

  • How do I find participating dealerships?

    The Costco Auto Program website lists all participating dealerships; you can visit the Costco Auto Program website and enter your zip code to find participating dealerships in your area. The website also provides contact information and directions to the dealerships.

  • Can I lease a car through the Costco Auto Program?

    Yes, leasing options are often available through participating dealerships; the Costco Auto Program typically offers leasing options through participating dealerships, leasing can be a good option if you prefer lower monthly payments and enjoy driving a new car every few years, be sure to compare the terms and conditions of the lease to other financing options.

  • What if I don’t like the prearranged price?

    You’re not obligated to buy, and can explore other options; while the Costco Auto Program offers prearranged pricing, you are not obligated to purchase the vehicle if you are not satisfied with the price, you can explore other options, such as negotiating on your own or using other car-buying services.

  • Does the Costco Auto Program include used cars?

    Yes, certified pre-owned vehicles are often included in the program; the Costco Auto Program often includes certified pre-owned vehicles, these vehicles have been inspected and certified by the manufacturer, offering added peace of mind, be sure to review the vehicle’s history and condition before making a purchase.

  • How does trade-in work with the Costco Auto Program?

    You can trade in your current vehicle, but negotiate the value separately; the Costco Auto Program allows you to trade in your current vehicle, but it’s important to negotiate the value separately from the prearranged price of the new vehicle, research the market value of your trade-in and be prepared to walk away if the offer is too low.

  • Are there any hidden fees with the Costco Auto Program?

    The program aims for transparency, but always review the final price carefully; the Costco Auto Program aims for transparency, but it’s always important to carefully review the final price and ensure that all fees and charges are clearly disclosed, ask the dealership to provide a detailed breakdown of all costs before signing any documents.

  • Can I combine Costco’s pricing with other incentives?

    Often, yes; this can increase your overall savings significantly; you can often combine the Costco Auto Program’s prearranged pricing with other incentives, such as manufacturer rebates and financing offers, this can significantly increase your overall savings, be sure to ask the dealership about all available incentives.

  • Is the Costco Auto Program available in all states?

    The Costco Auto Program is available in most states, but it’s best to check availability in your area on the program’s website, visit the Costco Auto Program website and enter your zip code to check availability in your area, if the program is not available in your state, you can explore other car-buying options.

  • What do I do if I have a problem with a participating dealer?

    Contact the Costco Auto Program directly for assistance; if you have a problem with a participating dealer, contact the Costco Auto Program directly for assistance, they can help resolve the issue and ensure that the dealership meets the program’s customer service standards.

By understanding these FAQs, you can navigate the Costco Auto Program with confidence and make an informed decision about your next vehicle purchase; money-central.com provides additional resources and expert advice to help you every step of the way.

Conclusion: Is the Costco Car Program Right for You?

The Costco Car Program can be a valuable tool for saving money and simplifying the car-buying process, but it’s not a guaranteed solution for everyone; a careful assessment of your needs, preferences, and negotiation skills is essential to determine if the program aligns with your goals; with money-central.com, you can access the resources and expertise needed to make an informed decision and drive away with confidence, understanding the value and the savings of the vehicle is important.

Remember these key takeaways:

  • Potential Savings: The Costco Car Program offers prearranged pricing, which can save you money compared to MSRP.
  • Convenience: The program simplifies the car-buying process and reduces the need for negotiation.
  • Alternatives: Explore other car-buying options, such as negotiating on your own or using online services, to ensure you are getting the best deal.
  • Financing: Compare financing options and secure the best possible rates and terms.
  • Research: Thoroughly research vehicle prices, incentives, and dealership reputations before making a decision.

Ultimately, the decision to use the Costco Car Program is a personal one, weigh the pros and cons, consider your individual circumstances, and leverage the resources available at money-central.com to make an informed choice, our goal is to empower you with the knowledge and tools you need to achieve your financial goals, including saving money on your next vehicle purchase.

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